Computers such as Apple Macs, those running Microsoft Windows or ChromeOS are being used by most online adults worldwide, although penetration rates vary by age group within countries. In the US and Japan, computer users skew older. In the UK and China, computer users skew somewhat younger, although not strongest among adults aged 18 to 24. Instead, a growing group of online adults rely on smartphones for everyday activities and turn to computers for a declining subset of things they regularly do.
This MetaFAQ reports on the percentage of online adults who actively use a computer that they acquired with personal funds (a home computer), one provided by an employer (work/self-employed), or from someone else (a school, library, government, neighbor, or other). Report [TUP_doc_2024_0115_agpc] in TUP Lenses: Devices; PCs; User Profile
Home PCs shine again for remote work
The rapid spread of the pandemic caught many employers and employees by surprise. Most were unprepared to work remotely and many were uncertain how long they might be working remotely. Consequently, many workers simply used their personally-owned home computers to get work done. Although 2020 saw high levels of home PC use for work which then shrunk markedly in 2021, we’re now seeing a return to broad home PC use for work. Using a home PC for work activities is a widespread practice, even among workers who may have an employer-provided PC available to them when they are in the workplace. Although work email is a major activity for home PCs, there is a long list of work activities regularly done by many remote workers.
This MetaFAQ reports on the percentage of remote workers and workers who never work remotely that use a home computer for work-related activities. This is split by country. Further, this report details the list of work-related activities that remote workers regularly do with their home PC. Report [TUP_doc_2024_0113_hwrt] in TUP Lenses: PCs; User Profile; Households; Activities; Work/Life Balance
Employee PC hours sag, although IT/FIRE/Professional industries still lead
Employees in IT/FIRE/Professional use computers for the most hours – Many employees rely on PCs to get their work done, whether it’s using intensive software tailored to their profession or generic software used across many industries. The most intensive use of PCs among employees is within the IT/FIRE/Professional industries, those jobs that include Information Technology, Finance, Insurance, Real Estate, or professions such as legal, medical, or others. Other industries, such as the Service industries, account for the largest total PC hours mostly due to the many employees within their ranks. Across nearly all industries and countries surveyed, PC hours among employees has been declining.
This MetaFAQ reports on the mean and total number of weekly hours employees use PCs, split by industry group and country, detailing the trend from 2020 through 2023. Report [TUP_doc_2024_0104_firt] in TUP Lenses: Devices; User Profile
Remote work rates vary by age and country
There is a global age skew towards few older adults working from home or remotely, although this pattern varies by country. In the US and Germany, the distribution is bimodal, with the highest share of not working remotely being among the youngest and oldest workers. For workers in the UK and China, the picture is different, with a stronger skew against older workers working remotely.
This MetaFAQs reports on the percentage of online workers who worked from home in the prior 30 days by age group and country. Report [TUP_doc_2024_0111_ywfh] in TUP Lenses: User Profile; Work/Life Balance
Smaller employers rely on workers’ home PCs
During the pandemic, as workers began to work from home, they shifted rapidly to use whatever technology they had. Even after many employees have returned to the workplace, whether on a regular or hybrid basis, the share of workers using a home PC for work continues to outnumber those using an employer-provided PC. The trend in the gap between home and work PCs has narrowed within some sectors, namely in the US and Japan among larger employers, and remains wide among smaller employers around the world.
This MetaFAQ reports on the percentage of workers – full-time, part-time, or self-employed – who use a home PC for work-related activities as compared to those using a work PC for work-related activities, split by the size of the employer. Report [TUP_doc_2024_0103_byot] in TUP Lenses: PCs; User Profile; Activities; Work/Life Balance
More employees in larger companies use a work printer
Workers in smaller businesses are less likely to use a work printer than employees in larger firms. Worldwide, medium-sized firms have the highest rate of work printing, while in the US the rates are similar between medium-sized and large firms.
This MetaFAQ reports on the percentage of workers who actively use a work/self-employed printer, split by the size of the employer. Report [TUP_doc_2023_1220_wprt] in TUP Lenses: Printers; User Profile
Larger employers mean fewer remote workers
Larger employers mean fewer remote workers – Workers working for larger employers have lower chances of working remotely. Conversely, smaller companies are more likely to have employees working remotely at least some of the time. This relationship holds across all of the countries surveyed. One major contributor to this effect is that larger employers have a higher share of industries requiring in-person work, from retail to manufacturing.
This MetaFAQs reports on the percentage of employees who never work from home or remotely, split by country and their employer’s size in number of employees. Report [TUP_doc_2023_1219_nwfh] in TUP Lenses: User Profile; Work/Life Balance
Gen Z’s lead in online teamwork may transform the workplace
Digital collaboration has expanded over a decade, with newer generations adopting online teamwork swiftly. Gen Z, especially in the US and UK, actively collaborates on personal files, more so than for work. Current workplace practices limit their broader collaboration. Yet, they might pave the way for enhanced collaborative tool usage in the future.
This MetaFAQs reports on the use of connected device to collaborate on files, splitting the activity by work-related and personal files, and splitting further into generational age groups and countries. Report [TUP_doc_2023_1209_coll] in TUP Lenses: User Profile; Activities; Work/Life Balance
IT, FIRE, and professional industries have highest remote working rates
Certain industries offer greater flexibility regarding whether employees are required to work onsite or remotely. In particular, IT (Information technology) and FIRE (finance, insurance, real estate) involve working with digital data, software, and online tools. Also, these jobs typically have less physical requirements than industries such as healthcare, manufacturing, education, or retail. Also, these technical industries are often focused on outcomes and less on being present for a certain number of hours. Furthermore, these industries have been early adopters of digital technology.
The highest rates of working remotely are among the IT/FIRE/Professional industries and lowest among Education/Government. Report [TUP_doc_2023_1205_fire] in TUP Lenses: User Profile; Work/Life Balance
More remote than onsite workers in some countries
Remote workers outnumber onsite workers in the US, UK, and among China’s highly-educated elite. Japan favors on-site employees due to its manufacturing focus, labor policies, and traditional work culture. Germany has similar factors to Japan’s, although has a near-equal blend of remote and onsite workers, in part a reflection of the country’s growing openness and eagerness to compete more strongly in the world economy. In the US, aspirations towards being technologically advanced, expense of commercial operations, service-oriented industries, and openness to change have combined such that more Americans work remotely than in person. Report [TUP_doc_2023_1201_remo] in TUP Lenses: User Profile; Work/Life Balance